2017年6月英語四級作文議論文寫作方法

　　1. 生活化細節聯想法

　　針對大多數相對抽象不好下手的作文題目，我們可以先把作文題同自身聯系到一起，把抽象、概括的作文題細化到自己身邊，先打開一個突破口，再順藤摸瓜，進行發散式聯想。請看例子：

　　What are your opinions about the advantages and disadvantages of fast food?

　　題目的主體是快餐，方向為利弊處。先不要考慮快餐是好是壞，而應該先考慮你身邊的、你知道的快餐究竟有哪些，這些快餐給你或你的家人帶來了哪些影響。請看一位同學記錄下來的思路。請注意其跳躍性。

　　2. 逆向思維聯想法

　　有一些題目從正面不好羅列素材，總結觀點，我們可以從命題的對立面去思考問題，這樣往往可以達到意想不到的收獲。如果問題是一個東西有什么樣的好處，也許這個東西是日常生活中常見的東西，我們早已對其失去了敏感，這個時候不妨想一想如果失去了這個東西，我們的生活會受到哪些影響。試舉一例：

　　In 1995, an Englishman killed a burglar who broke into his house. He was sentenced. Do you think he should be sentenced? How can we protect our property?

　　文章的關鍵在于How can we protect our properties?

　　3.分類思考法

　　為了盡快地幫助同學們在盡可能短的時間里熟悉四級作文的命題思路，以及在短時間內能夠找到合適的論述理由，我們通過分析歷年四級考試真題并研究了命題方向，在此基礎上總結了四級作文通用的十大思考方向，很多題目要求考生分析某一現象發生原因或可能產生的影響，我們不妨從以下十個方向進行思考，打開思路：

　　1) 方便：convenient, convenience

　　相關話題：computer, internet，出外吃飯，電話，城市生活，例如：

　　The Internet is far more convenient and efficient than the written word or other conventional means of conveying meaning.

　　Advertisements can bring convenience to people’s lives.

　　Modern means of transportation make it very convenient for people to travel far or near, thus saving a lot of time and energy.

　　2) 效率：efficient, efficiently, efficiency

　　相關話題：計算機和高科技(high-tech devices)減輕了體力勞動(manual labor)，解放了人類(liberate humans)，讓人們有更多的時間從事其他的事情(more time are spent on other necessary matters)等，例如：

　　Advertisements build an efficient and direct link between manufacturers and customers.

　　Modern science and technology make our lives more efficient. A phone call, an e-mail or a fax can all bring people closer and make the world smaller.

　　3) 節省和浪費：save time, save money, save space, economical, frugal, frugality; thrift, thrifty waste timemoneyspace, costly, time-consuming, lavish, 例如：

　　This will help them realize that it is not easy to make money and form the good habit of frugality.

　　There are many other ways for people to know commodities, so it is a waste to invest large sums of money in making advertisements on TV.

　　As for the young and middle-aged, they should make better use of their prime years instead of spending so much time raising pets.

　　It’s a costly and time-consuming hobby. China is a developing country and many people are still below the poverty line. Some children of the right age in poverty-stricken areas can’t afford to go to school.

　　… will be great extravagance of time, energy and money.

　　4) 心理與性格：mental health, spiritual health, psychological health, personality, character

　　好的性格 independent, independence, independently, cooperate, cooperative, cooperation, compete, competitive, competition, team spirit, considerate, confident, confidence, confidently, ambition, ambitious, individuality, tolerance, sociable, perseverance, deal with/solve problems by themselves (independent), optimistic

　　壞的性格 overbearing(專橫的，傲慢的), selfish, conservative, isolated, conceited(自以為是的), egotistic(自我本位的), arrogant, domineering(作威作福的)，overzealous(過分熱心的)，nihilist(虛無主義的)，opportunistic(機會主義的)，pessimistic

　　性格的養成：cultivate, foster, develop, encourage, enrich, improve, enhance

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