李克強(qiáng)總理在英國(guó)智庫(kù)的演講

 共建包容發(fā)展的美好世界

Inclusive Development: A Better World for All

——在英國(guó)智庫(kù)的演講

—Speech to British Think Tanks

中華人民共和國(guó)國(guó)務(wù)院總理 李克強(qiáng)

H.E. Li Keqiang, Premier of the State Council of the People’s Republic of China

2014年6月18日，英國(guó)倫敦

London, 18 June 2014

英國(guó)皇家國(guó)際問(wèn)題研究所和國(guó)際戰(zhàn)略研究所兩大智庫(kù)在世界上都久負(fù)盛名，今天聯(lián)合起來(lái)舉辦這次活動(dòng)，表明對(duì)中國(guó)的高度重視，體現(xiàn)了一種包容的精神。

The Royal Institute of International Affairs, known as Chatham House, and the International Institute for Strategic Studies are well-known around the world. Today, you are hosting this event together. This shows the great importance you attach to China and is a reflection of inclusiveness.

包容是人類文明進(jìn)步的標(biāo)志。中國(guó)先秦思想家提出“和而不同”、“和為貴”的理念，這與歐洲先哲“和諧產(chǎn)生正義與善”的思想不謀而合。回望人類發(fā)展的歷程，雖然東西方文明源頭不同，但我們都懂得和諧相處、包容互鑒的可貴。進(jìn)入21世紀(jì)，世界更需要相互包容、共同發(fā)展。我們不僅要在一國(guó)之內(nèi)實(shí)現(xiàn)就業(yè)增加、平衡協(xié)調(diào)、公平正義的發(fā)展，還要推動(dòng)國(guó)家和地區(qū)之間實(shí)現(xiàn)和平共處、共同增長(zhǎng)的發(fā)展。包容發(fā)展應(yīng)成為各國(guó)共同追求的目標(biāo)。

Inclusiveness is the mark of human civilization and progress. Chinese thinkers before the Qin Dynasty valued the notion of harmony without uniformity and believed in peace as being the most precious. This coincides with the belief of ancient European philosophers that harmony generates justice and kindness. The history of human development shows that the Eastern and Western civilizations, though of different origins, both appreciated the importance of harmonious coexistence, inclusiveness and mutual learning. Inclusiveness and common development are needed all the more in the 21st century. We need not only to increase employment and promote balanced, coordinated, fair and equitable development within a country. We also need to achieve development that features peaceful coexistence and common growth among countries and regions. Inclusive development should indeed be a common goal pursued by all countries in the world.

國(guó)際上十分關(guān)注中國(guó)，對(duì)中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展會(huì)有這樣那樣的看法。中國(guó)有古詩(shī)說(shuō)，“橫看成嶺側(cè)成峰”，說(shuō)的是看一座山，從不同側(cè)面會(huì)有不同印象。看問(wèn)題角度不同，可能得出不同的結(jié)論。英國(guó)是最早實(shí)現(xiàn)工業(yè)化的國(guó)家，中國(guó)是世界上最大的發(fā)展中國(guó)家，各位的關(guān)注，就是對(duì)世界能不能實(shí)現(xiàn)包容發(fā)展的關(guān)注。中國(guó)走新型工業(yè)化、信息化、城鎮(zhèn)化、農(nóng)業(yè)現(xiàn)代化之路，是世界最大的包容發(fā)展。

The world is paying great attention to China. There are all kinds of views about China’s economic growth. A line from a Chinese poem reads, “A mountain, when viewed in face, may look like a range; when viewed from the side, it may look like a peak.” That means a mountain, seen from different angles, will leave people with different impressions. What it implies is that different conclusions may be drawn when people see things from different perspectives. The UK is the first to complete industrialization while China is the biggest developing country in the world. I believe your interest in China is actually about whether the world can achieve inclusive development. China’s pursuit of a new type of industrialization, informationization, urbanization and agricultural modernization is a pursuit of inclusive development on the biggest scale in the world.

中國(guó)經(jīng)過(guò)30多年改革開(kāi)放，特別是通過(guò)艱苦卓絕的奮斗，實(shí)現(xiàn)了13億中國(guó)人的生活不斷改善，6億多人擺脫了貧困，人民的生存權(quán)、發(fā)展權(quán)得到保障。中國(guó)的發(fā)展是在開(kāi)放的環(huán)境中實(shí)現(xiàn)的。13億人堅(jiān)定的目標(biāo)就是要實(shí)現(xiàn)現(xiàn)代化，這將是一條比較漫長(zhǎng)的道路。雖然中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)總量位居世界第二，但人均GDP只有6800美元，仍排在世界80位以后，在中國(guó)廣大中西部和東北地區(qū)人均GDP才5000多美元，有些西部省份只有3000多美元。按照世界銀行的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，中國(guó)還有2億人生活在貧困線以下。同時(shí)，隨著經(jīng)濟(jì)快速增長(zhǎng)，資源環(huán)境約束的矛盾日益凸顯。這將是我們長(zhǎng)期面臨的困難和挑戰(zhàn)。實(shí)現(xiàn)現(xiàn)代化就其實(shí)質(zhì)而言，很重要的是完成工業(yè)化和城鎮(zhèn)化，這正是中國(guó)人民現(xiàn)在和未來(lái)努力的方向。

After more than 30 years of reform and opening-up and through hard work of our people, China has steadily improved the lives of its 1.3 billion people, lifted over 600 million people out of poverty and ensured the people’s right to survival and development. China’s development has been achieved in an open environment. The firm goal of our 1.3 billion people is to achieve modernization, which will be a long journey. China is the second biggest economy in the world, but it ranks after 80th in the world with a per capita GDP of US$6,800. In China’s vast central and western as well as northeastern regions, per capita GDP is slightly over US$5,000 and it is a mere US$3,000 in some western provinces. Some 200 million Chinese still live below the poverty line by World Bank standards. At the same time, fast economic growth has been accompanied by a growing pressure on resources and the environment. These will remain our difficulties and challenges in the long run. To achieve modernization, it is important to complete industrialization and urbanization. This is exactly what the Chinese people are working for at present and for some time to come.

首先，關(guān)于中國(guó)的城鎮(zhèn)化。

First, on China’s urbanization.

近幾十年來(lái)，中國(guó)城鎮(zhèn)化水平不斷提高，但總體發(fā)展仍然滯后，目前還有6億多人居住在農(nóng)村。已經(jīng)進(jìn)城的2億多農(nóng)業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)移人口，由于財(cái)力不足、公共產(chǎn)品提供受限，與過(guò)去就生活在城市并已經(jīng)取得戶籍的人相比，還沒(méi)有享受同等水平的公共服務(wù)。到2020年，我們要解決其中1億人在城鎮(zhèn)落戶問(wèn)題，主要是在東部地區(qū)。還要引導(dǎo)約1億農(nóng)民，自愿在中西部就地城鎮(zhèn)化。此外，中國(guó)還有1億人居住在城鎮(zhèn)的棚戶區(qū)，需要加快改造，解決上述現(xiàn)存的“三個(gè)1億人”問(wèn)題，是中國(guó)推進(jìn)新型城鎮(zhèn)化的當(dāng)務(wù)之急。

In the past few decades, China’s urbanization has been advancing, but it is still lagging behind on the whole. Over 600 million Chinese are still living in rural areas. Due to inadequate financial resources and limited public goods, the 200 million rural migrants cannot enjoy the same public services as those who have been living in cities with urban residency. Between now and 2020, we need to grant urban residency to 100 million of such rural migrants, mainly in eastern China. We also need to encourage another 100 million rural residents in central and western regions to settle down in cities and towns nearby. In addition, there are 100 million Chinese living in run-down city areas, which need to be redeveloped at a faster pace. To address these three problems, each involving 100 million people, is a pressing task for China as it pushes forward the new type of urbanization.

我們的難題還不止于此，即使解決了上述3億人的問(wèn)題，未來(lái)還有數(shù)億農(nóng)民需要逐步進(jìn)城，這沒(méi)有十幾年、甚至更長(zhǎng)時(shí)間是難以解決的，今后的任務(wù)將更加艱巨。任何國(guó)家要實(shí)現(xiàn)工業(yè)化，都必須實(shí)現(xiàn)農(nóng)業(yè)現(xiàn)代化，提高農(nóng)業(yè)勞動(dòng)生產(chǎn)率，一般農(nóng)業(yè)勞動(dòng)人口占總?cè)丝诒戎囟疾桓撸袊?guó)也很難例外。讓這么多人有序進(jìn)入城市工作和生活，是一個(gè)長(zhǎng)期的過(guò)程。所以說(shuō)，中國(guó)到本世紀(jì)中葉才可能達(dá)到中等發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家水平，最終實(shí)現(xiàn)現(xiàn)代化。

But our challenges go beyond that. Even if we had solved all the above-mentioned problems for the 300 million people, we still have several hundred million of farmers who will move to cities in the coming years. This will be difficult to accomplish without over ten years or even longer and the tasks will only be more difficult on our way ahead. For any country to complete industrialization, it has to achieve agricultural modernization, raise agricultural productivity and, on normal cases, keep the percentage of agricultural population low. China will not be an exception. To have so many people move to live and work in cities in an orderly manner will be a long process. That is why we say that China will not be able to become a medium-level developed country and achieve modernization until the middle of the century.

第二，關(guān)于中國(guó)的工業(yè)化。

Second, on China’s industrialization.

工業(yè)化是實(shí)現(xiàn)現(xiàn)代化的重要方面。發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家實(shí)現(xiàn)工業(yè)化用了上百年時(shí)間，而中國(guó)在短短幾十年內(nèi)就建起了完備的工業(yè)體系，許多工業(yè)產(chǎn)品產(chǎn)量名列世界前茅。大家都熟悉“中國(guó)制造”，但中國(guó)目前生產(chǎn)的主要還是中低端產(chǎn)品，產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展需要向中高端水平邁進(jìn)。產(chǎn)業(yè)升級(jí)有利于共同應(yīng)對(duì)全球氣候變化，也是中國(guó)突破能源資源和環(huán)境瓶頸束縛的必然選擇。我們將堅(jiān)定走新型工業(yè)化道路，倡導(dǎo)綠色低碳發(fā)展，加大節(jié)能減排力度，使中國(guó)生產(chǎn)的產(chǎn)品更加節(jié)能環(huán)保，依靠創(chuàng)新驅(qū)動(dòng)實(shí)現(xiàn)內(nèi)生增長(zhǎng)。這也將給世界帶來(lái)巨大商機(jī)。今后五年，中國(guó)進(jìn)口商品累計(jì)將超過(guò)10萬(wàn)億美元，對(duì)外投資超過(guò)5000億美元，出境旅游人數(shù)超過(guò)5億人次。中國(guó)樂(lè)見(jiàn)世界各國(guó)分享中國(guó)發(fā)展的紅利。

Industrialization is an important aspect of modernization. It took western countries over 100 years to achieve industrialization, while China has instituted a full-fledged industrial system in just a couple of decades. China now leads the world in the output of many industrial products. You are all familiar with goods “made in China”, but China mainly produces medium- to low-end products. It has to advance to a medium to high level in industrial development. Industrial upgrading will serve our joint response to climate change. It is also a natural choice for China if it is to break energy, resources and environment bottlenecks. China will pursue a new type of industrialization, advocate green and low-carbon development and step up efforts to conserve energy and reduce emissions so that Chinese products will be more energy-efficient and environment-friendly and China will achieve internally-driven growth through innovation. This will also bring huge business opportunities for the world. In the coming five years, China will import more than US$10 trillion worth of goods, and invest over US$500 billion overseas. Outbound visits by Chinese tourists will exceed 500 million. China will be happy to share its development dividends with other countries in the world.

在中國(guó)這樣一個(gè)人口大國(guó)建設(shè)現(xiàn)代化，歷史上沒(méi)有先例，我們面臨的挑戰(zhàn)很多，仍需要付出艱辛的探索和努力。在經(jīng)過(guò)幾十年的快速增長(zhǎng)之后，目前中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)增速有所放緩，與過(guò)去的兩位數(shù)相比，現(xiàn)在轉(zhuǎn)入中高速階段。有人開(kāi)始懷疑中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)能否持續(xù)增長(zhǎng)，會(huì)不會(huì)“硬著陸”，我可以負(fù)責(zé)任地說(shuō)不會(huì)。原因就是有城鎮(zhèn)化和工業(yè)化兩大因素支撐，我們還有較大的城鄉(xiāng)差距、地區(qū)差距，產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)也不合理，而這些也是潛力，中國(guó)的發(fā)展有著巨大的內(nèi)需空間。只要我們把握好方向，勤奮工作，中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)就能夠在較長(zhǎng)時(shí)間保持中高速增長(zhǎng)。

In the modernization drive of such a populous country like China, there is no example to follow. We face a whole range of challenges and need to make hard exploration and efforts. After decades of fast growth, China’s growth has moderated to a medium-to-high speed compared with the double-digit rate in the past. Some people begin to worry that the Chinese economy will not maintain sustained growth and will head for a hard landing. I can assure you that such things will not happen, because economic growth in China is supported by urbanization and industrialization. What is more, there are big gaps between urban and rural areas and among different regions as well as unreasonable industrial structure. All these mean potential and huge domestic demand for China’s development. As long as we keep to the right direction and work hard, we will be able to maintain medium-to-high growth of the Chinese economy for a long time to come.

今年以來(lái)，中國(guó)發(fā)展雖面臨較大下行壓力，但經(jīng)濟(jì)運(yùn)行總體平穩(wěn)。我們繼續(xù)實(shí)施積極的財(cái)政政策和穩(wěn)健的貨幣政策，不采取強(qiáng)刺激措施，而是進(jìn)一步創(chuàng)新宏觀調(diào)控思路和方式，實(shí)行區(qū)間調(diào)控和定向調(diào)控相結(jié)合，加強(qiáng)預(yù)調(diào)微調(diào)，確保經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)不突破保就業(yè)的下限，CPI不突破防通脹的上限，使經(jīng)濟(jì)運(yùn)行始終處于合理區(qū)間。我們有信心實(shí)現(xiàn)今年7.5%左右的預(yù)期增長(zhǎng)目標(biāo)，而且也將為未來(lái)發(fā)展奠定堅(jiān)實(shí)的基礎(chǔ)。

Since the beginning of this year, the Chinese economy has maintained stability on the whole despite considerable downward pressure. We will continue to follow a proactive fiscal policy and a prudent monetary policy. We will not resort to massive stimulus measures; instead, we will further innovate the thinking and model of macro-regulation, combine a ranged approach with a targeted approach in adjustment, strengthen anticipatory adjustments and fine-tuning, ensure economic growth will stay within a proper range between the minimum rate needed for job creation and the CPI growth ceiling to keep inflation under control. We have confidence in meeting the growth target of about 7.5% set for this year. This will also lay a solid foundation for our future development.

中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)總量已超過(guò)9萬(wàn)億美元，如果每年增長(zhǎng)7.5%左右，再考慮價(jià)格因素，增量就達(dá)1萬(wàn)億美元左右，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)中等經(jīng)濟(jì)體的經(jīng)濟(jì)總量。做到這一點(diǎn)不容易，但它會(huì)給中國(guó)和世界帶來(lái)巨大商機(jī)。我講到這么多數(shù)字，并不是“數(shù)字游戲”，只是想說(shuō)明一點(diǎn)，中國(guó)有條件、有能力促進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)平衡協(xié)調(diào)和持續(xù)健康發(fā)展。

China’s economic aggregate has exceeded US$9 trillion. An annual growth of around 7.5%, adjusted for inflation, will be translated to an increment of about US$1 trillion, equivalent to a medium-sized economy. This is no easy job, but it will bring huge business opportunities to China and the world. I have given you so many figures, not to play a game of numbers though, but to show you that China has the condition and ability to promote balanced, coordinated, sustained and healthy economic development.

第三，關(guān)于中國(guó)的和平發(fā)展。

Third, on China’s peaceful development.

在中國(guó)這樣大的發(fā)展中國(guó)家搞現(xiàn)代化建設(shè)，進(jìn)而實(shí)現(xiàn)中華民族偉大復(fù)興的中國(guó)夢(mèng)，需要和平的國(guó)際環(huán)境和穩(wěn)定的周邊環(huán)境，否則就不可能集中精力來(lái)搞建設(shè)，這是不容置疑的邏輯。

To achieve modernization in a big developing country like China and to fulfil the Chinese dream of great national renewal requires a peaceful international environment and stable neighbourhood. Otherwise, we cannot focus on development. This is an irrefutable truth.

中華民族是愛(ài)好和平的民族。中國(guó)古訓(xùn)說(shuō)，“己所不欲，勿施于人”，“己欲立而立人，己欲達(dá)而達(dá)人”，這些理念已經(jīng)融進(jìn)我們的民族血脈，成為中國(guó)人的基本處世之道。中國(guó)沒(méi)有擴(kuò)張的基因，更不接受“國(guó)強(qiáng)必霸”的邏輯。

The Chinese people love peace. Our ancestors taught us that we should not do to others what we don’t want others to do to us and that we must help others achieve success if we want to achieve success ourselves. This has been imprinted into the DNA of the Chinese nation and become an accepted code of conduct for the Chinese people. Expansion is not in the Chinese DNA, nor does China subscribe to the logic that a strong country is bound to be hegemonic.

過(guò)去30多年中國(guó)的發(fā)展成就，得益于和平穩(wěn)定的外部環(huán)境。走和平發(fā)展道路，讓中國(guó)人民嘗到了甜頭，也讓國(guó)與國(guó)之間能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)雙贏、多贏，這是中國(guó)多年來(lái)發(fā)展實(shí)踐得出的重要寶貴經(jīng)驗(yàn)，我們決不會(huì)放棄。即使中國(guó)將來(lái)發(fā)展起來(lái)了，仍然要堅(jiān)持包容開(kāi)放、和平合作。

The achievements China has made through development in the past three decades are attributable to an external environment of peace and stability. The path of peaceful development has benefited the Chinese people and enabled different countries to achieve win-win development. This is the one thing important we have learned from our development over the past decades and we will never give it up. China will remain committed to inclusiveness, openness, peace and cooperation even after it becomes stronger in the future.

中國(guó)是一個(gè)負(fù)責(zé)任的大國(guó)，主張國(guó)家間應(yīng)相互尊重、平等相待、和平共處，堅(jiān)持聯(lián)合國(guó)憲章和國(guó)際關(guān)系基本準(zhǔn)則，倡導(dǎo)通過(guò)和平方式和外交渠道解決分歧與爭(zhēng)端，反對(duì)訴諸武力和干涉別國(guó)內(nèi)政。中國(guó)將始終堅(jiān)定不移走和平發(fā)展道路，奉行互利共贏的開(kāi)放戰(zhàn)略，愿與世界各國(guó)一道致力于創(chuàng)造持久和平的國(guó)際環(huán)境。

China is a major responsible country. China stands for mutual respect, equality and peaceful coexistence among countries and acts in accordance with the UN Charter and the norms governing international relations. China calls for peaceful settlement of disputes and conflicts through diplomatic channels and opposes the use of force or interference in other countries’ internal affairs. China is steadfast in pursuing the path of peaceful development and follows a win-win strategy of opening-up. China is ready to work with other countries to foster an international environment of enduring peace.

長(zhǎng)期以來(lái)，中國(guó)為維護(hù)亞洲地區(qū)和平穩(wěn)定作出了重要貢獻(xiàn)。正是由于中國(guó)與周邊國(guó)家凝聚起合作共贏的共識(shí)，共同營(yíng)造了通過(guò)協(xié)商談判處理分歧的良好氛圍，東亞地區(qū)才有了今天的繁榮發(fā)展。中國(guó)始終奉行“與鄰為善，以鄰為伴”的周邊政策，愿與所有鄰國(guó)和睦相處。但對(duì)于挑起事端、損害和平的行為，也必須采取有力措施予以制止，防止局勢(shì)失控，促使事態(tài)回到對(duì)話談判軌道上來(lái)。相信只要地區(qū)國(guó)家之間能夠真誠(chéng)對(duì)話、理性協(xié)商，就能繼續(xù)保持和平安寧的環(huán)境。

China has over the years contributed significantly to peace and stability in Asia. Thanks to the common ground China reached with neighboring countries for cooperation and win-win progress, a sound atmosphere has been created for handling differences through negotiations and consultations, hence the prosperity and development of East Asia today. China follows a neighbourhood policy of building friendship and partnerships with surrounding countries and wants to live in peace with all its neighbors. But for those acts of provoking incidents and undermining peace, China will have to take resolute measures to stop them so as to prevent the situation from getting out of control and bring the situation back to the track of dialogue and negotiations. I believe as long as countries in the region could engage in dialogue and negotiations with sincerity and in good faith, the environment of peace and tranquility will be maintained.

歷史昭示我們，戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)是人類智慧的失敗，和平是反思災(zāi)難痛苦的結(jié)晶。英國(guó)前首相丘吉爾曾說(shuō)，“歷史藏著一切智慧，不學(xué)習(xí)歷史注定要重蹈覆轍”。我們應(yīng)當(dāng)汲取歷史教訓(xùn)，正視歷史，面向未來(lái)，推進(jìn)國(guó)際和地區(qū)事務(wù)政治解決，共同應(yīng)對(duì)傳統(tǒng)和非傳統(tǒng)安全挑戰(zhàn)，協(xié)力促進(jìn)世界繁榮與發(fā)展。

History tells us that war means the failure of human wisdom. Peace is the result of reflection on disasters and sufferings. As the former British Prime Minister Winston Churchill once said, “In history lies all the secrets of statecraft. Those that fail to learn from history are doomed to repeat it.” We must learn lessons from the past, face history squarely and be forward-looking. We need to seek political settlement of international and regional issues, and work together to counter traditional and non-traditional security challenges and advance prosperity and development of the world.

第四，關(guān)于中國(guó)的改革開(kāi)放。

Fourth, on China’s reform and opening-up.

中國(guó)的現(xiàn)代化不僅需要和平穩(wěn)定的外部環(huán)境，還要靠改革開(kāi)放提供強(qiáng)大動(dòng)力。千千萬(wàn)萬(wàn)人有巨大的創(chuàng)造力，市場(chǎng)蘊(yùn)藏著巨大的活力。上世紀(jì)70年代，我在安徽鳳陽(yáng)農(nóng)村當(dāng)大隊(duì)支部書記，那時(shí)候?qū)嵭杏?jì)劃經(jīng)濟(jì)，每天要安排村里幾百個(gè)農(nóng)民每天干什么，大家也起早貪黑干活，但一年到頭還是吃不飽飯。后來(lái)推進(jìn)農(nóng)村改革，實(shí)行家庭聯(lián)產(chǎn)承包責(zé)任制，種什么、怎么種，農(nóng)民自己說(shuō)了算，幾年下來(lái)就解決了溫飽問(wèn)題。正是靠改革開(kāi)放，億萬(wàn)中國(guó)人民獲得了更大自由發(fā)展空間，中國(guó)社會(huì)不斷取得進(jìn)步。對(duì)中國(guó)來(lái)說(shuō)，過(guò)去快速發(fā)展靠改革，今天的增長(zhǎng)動(dòng)力靠改革，未來(lái)長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)發(fā)展也要靠改革。

China’s modernization needs not only a peaceful and stable external environment, but also strong impetus from reform and opening-up. China’s big population means tremendous creativity and its market has huge vibrancy. I once worked as the Party secretary of a village production team in Fengyang county, Anhui province back in the 1970s, a time of the planned economy. I was responsible for assigning work to the hundreds of farmers in the village every day. The villagers worked hard in the field from dawn to dusk, but still they could make very little for a decent meal. Later, to enforce rural reform, the system of household contract responsibility was introduced, which gave villagers the right to decide what crops to grow and how to grow them. In just a few years, food was no longer a problem. It is reform and opening-up that has given hundreds of millions of Chinese vast space for pursuing their own development, and spurred steady social progress. Reform has led to fast development of China. It has provided a driving force for economic growth today and it will sustain China’s development in the years to come.

簡(jiǎn)政放權(quán)是改革的關(guān)鍵。要讓市場(chǎng)發(fā)揮更大活力，讓社會(huì)發(fā)揮更大創(chuàng)造力，首先是政府要進(jìn)行自我革命，把政府不該管的權(quán)力放下去，把應(yīng)該由市場(chǎng)決定的事情交出去。去年在經(jīng)濟(jì)面臨困難的情況下，正是通過(guò)簡(jiǎn)政放權(quán)，激發(fā)了民間投資的潛力。今年3月實(shí)施工商登記制度改革后，各地新增企業(yè)登記數(shù)迅速增加，增加了40%以上，極大促進(jìn)了創(chuàng)業(yè)就業(yè)。我們還要推進(jìn)結(jié)構(gòu)性改革，通過(guò)放寬準(zhǔn)入限制，更多讓民營(yíng)資本發(fā)揮作用。說(shuō)到底，改革就是要調(diào)動(dòng)廣大人民群眾的積極性，為他們提供更多的創(chuàng)新創(chuàng)造平臺(tái)，讓每個(gè)人都有夢(mèng)想成真的機(jī)會(huì)。當(dāng)然，政府放權(quán)也不是什么都不管，我們實(shí)行放管結(jié)合，對(duì)那些假冒偽劣、侵犯知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)、污染環(huán)境等行為，要進(jìn)行嚴(yán)格監(jiān)管和依法處置。

The key to reform is to streamline administration and delegate government power. To further energize the market and encourage greater creativity from the society, the government needs to, first and foremost, reform itself by delegating powers on matters outside their mandate and leaving to the market what should be decided by the market. Though the economy was operating under difficulties last year, we managed to unleash the potential of private investment through streamlining administration and delegating power. The reform of business registration system in March this year was followed by a surge of over 40% in the number of newly registered businesses, giving strong boost to new business start-ups and job creation. We will also advance structural reform and give more play to the role of private capital by easing market access. All in all, the purpose of reform is to inspire the enthusiasm of the Chinese people and provide more platforms for their innovation and creation so that there will be a chance for everyone’s dream to come true. Of course, to delegate power does not mean that the government will give free rein to everything. We will delegate power while enforcing government regulations with tighter oversight on and law-based handling of the production and selling of counterfeit and shoddy goods, IPR infringement and environmental pollution.

開(kāi)放也是改革。我們將推進(jìn)中國(guó)新一輪對(duì)外開(kāi)放，放寬市場(chǎng)準(zhǔn)入，讓外資更多進(jìn)入中國(guó)。擴(kuò)大服務(wù)業(yè)開(kāi)放和內(nèi)陸沿邊開(kāi)放，以中國(guó)上海自由貿(mào)易試驗(yàn)區(qū)建設(shè)為龍頭，探索準(zhǔn)入前國(guó)民待遇加負(fù)面清單管理模式，為中外投資經(jīng)營(yíng)者提供公平競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的營(yíng)商環(huán)境。中國(guó)對(duì)外投資把英國(guó)作為優(yōu)先方向之一，也歡迎英國(guó)企業(yè)把中國(guó)作為主要投資目的地。深化改革和對(duì)外開(kāi)放必然使中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)迸發(fā)出巨大活力，不僅為中國(guó)人民帶來(lái)福祉，也必將為世界提供更多機(jī)遇，為世界包容發(fā)展作出重要貢獻(xiàn)。

Opening-up is in itself a way of reform. We will implement a new round of opening-up, ease market access for foreign investment and open the services sector and hinterland and border areas wider to the outside. We will explore, through the China (Shanghai) Pilot Free Trade Zone, a management model featuring pre-establishment national treatment plus a negative list approach. Our purpose is to provide a level playing field for Chinese and foreign investors and businesses alike. China regards the UK as a choice of destination for outbound investment and hopes British companies will take China as their major investment destination. Deepening reform and opening-up is bound to unleash enormous vitality in the Chinese economy, benefiting the Chinese people, bringing more opportunities to the world and making important contribution to the inclusive development of the world.

當(dāng)前，全球經(jīng)濟(jì)總體呈現(xiàn)復(fù)蘇勢(shì)頭，但不確定、不穩(wěn)定因素依然很多。目前，發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家和發(fā)展中國(guó)家已經(jīng)成為推動(dòng)世界經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)的雙引擎。各國(guó)應(yīng)繼續(xù)發(fā)揚(yáng)應(yīng)對(duì)國(guó)際金融危機(jī)中形成的團(tuán)結(jié)協(xié)作、同舟共濟(jì)精神，大力實(shí)施改革創(chuàng)新，加強(qiáng)宏觀政策協(xié)調(diào)，消除保護(hù)主義壁壘，推動(dòng)建立公平競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的市場(chǎng)秩序，不斷擴(kuò)大利益共同點(diǎn)，共享全球化發(fā)展成果。

The global economy is on the whole showing signs of recovery, but there are still many uncertainties and destabilizing factors. Developed and developing countries have become the twin engines of world economic growth. Countries need to continue to demonstrate the spirit of solidarity, coordination and cooperation shown in the course of coping with the international financial crisis, vigorously carry out reform and innovation, enhance coordination on macroeconomic policies, remove protectionist barriers and foster a level playing field to expand converging interests and share the fruits of globalization.

中英兩國(guó)建立全面戰(zhàn)略伙伴關(guān)系10年來(lái)，雙方經(jīng)貿(mào)、科技、人文等各領(lǐng)域合作成果豐碩。此次訪英，我同貴國(guó)政府領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人進(jìn)行了深入坦誠(chéng)的會(huì)談，兩國(guó)發(fā)表了中英聯(lián)合聲明。我們都認(rèn)為，中英要增強(qiáng)政治互信和戰(zhàn)略合作，尊重彼此核心利益和重大關(guān)切，加強(qiáng)在聯(lián)合國(guó)安理會(huì)以及二十國(guó)集團(tuán)等多邊機(jī)制中的溝通協(xié)調(diào)，共同維護(hù)世界多邊貿(mào)易體制，推動(dòng)中歐投資協(xié)定談判和中歐自貿(mào)區(qū)可行性研究，在應(yīng)對(duì)氣候變化、反恐等領(lǐng)域加強(qiáng)對(duì)話。雙方應(yīng)發(fā)揮好兩國(guó)總理年度會(huì)晤等系列機(jī)制的引領(lǐng)作用，讓兩國(guó)全方位合作順暢高效進(jìn)行。中英將共同努力，為促進(jìn)中歐關(guān)系發(fā)展作出積極貢獻(xiàn)。

The past ten years since establishment of the comprehensive strategic partnership between our two countries has witnessed fruitful results in bilateral cooperation in business, science and technology, people-to-people exchanges and other fields. During my visit, I had in-depth and candid talks with government leaders of the UK. The two countries issued a joint statement. The two sides shared the view that China and the UK need to strengthen political trust and strategic cooperation, respect each other’s core interests and major concerns, increase communication and coordination at the UN Security Council and in such multilateral mechanisms as the G20, work together to uphold the multilateral trading regime, promote negotiations on a China-EU investment treaty and feasibility studies on establishing a China-EU free trade area, and increase dialogue on climate change, counter-terrorism, etc. The two sides need to make full use of the guiding role of the annual meeting between the prime ministers of the two countries and other mechanisms to ensure that our cooperation operates smoothly and efficiently across the board. China and the UK may work together to contribute to the development of China-EU relations as a whole.

中英要做共同增長(zhǎng)的合作伙伴，更要實(shí)現(xiàn)包容發(fā)展。兩國(guó)合作不僅追求規(guī)模擴(kuò)大，而且要使內(nèi)涵不斷豐富；不僅要做生意，還要提高科技含量。中國(guó)愿在基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施、制造業(yè)、城鎮(zhèn)化等領(lǐng)域，進(jìn)一步加強(qiáng)與英方合作，不斷擴(kuò)大兩國(guó)貿(mào)易和投資額。中英將推出人民幣與英鎊直接交易，中國(guó)將在倫敦設(shè)立人民幣清算銀行，提升雙方金融合作水平。英國(guó)是全球創(chuàng)新發(fā)展的佼佼者，在高新技術(shù)、節(jié)能環(huán)保以及科學(xué)研究等領(lǐng)域居世界領(lǐng)先地位，中國(guó)正在實(shí)施創(chuàng)新驅(qū)動(dòng)發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略，兩國(guó)科技與創(chuàng)新合作前景廣闊。雙方要發(fā)揮聯(lián)合科學(xué)創(chuàng)新基金的作用，搞出一批高水準(zhǔn)開(kāi)發(fā)項(xiàng)目和科研成果，為兩國(guó)發(fā)展提供有力支撐。

China and the UK need to work as partners for common growth and inclusive development. We need to not only expand but also enrich our cooperation. We need to not only do business with each other, but also conduct more high-tech cooperation. China will work more closely with the UK in infrastructure, manufacturing, urbanization and other areas to increase two-way trade and investment. China and the UK will launch direct trading between the RMB and sterling and China will open an RMB clearing bank in London, which will enhance our financial cooperation. The UK leads the world in innovative development, especially in new and high technologies, energy conservation, environmental protection and scientific research, and China is implementing a strategy of innovation-driven development. This represents broad prospects for our cooperation in science, technology and innovation. We shall make good use of the Research and Innovation Partnership Fund set up to facilitate high-standard development projects and research findings with a view to providing a strong support for the development of our two countries.

中英合作不限于經(jīng)貿(mào)領(lǐng)域，還應(yīng)不斷密切人文交流。英國(guó)富有科學(xué)、理性、寬容的文化特質(zhì)，中國(guó)有著開(kāi)放包容、兼收并蓄的歷史傳統(tǒng)。中英雖然遠(yuǎn)隔萬(wàn)里，但可以說(shuō)是“遙遠(yuǎn)的鄰居”，彼此的科學(xué)技術(shù)、文學(xué)藝術(shù)、學(xué)術(shù)思想相互吸引、交相輝映。莎士比亞的《羅密歐與朱麗葉》在中國(guó)家喻戶曉，湯顯祖的《牡丹亭》也登上英國(guó)舞臺(tái)。英語(yǔ)是英國(guó)人的母語(yǔ)，但今天中國(guó)有3億人在學(xué)英語(yǔ)，是全球?qū)W習(xí)英語(yǔ)人數(shù)最多的國(guó)家之一；中國(guó)是茶的故鄉(xiāng)，但英國(guó)是世界上人均喝茶最多的國(guó)家之一。目前，中國(guó)在英留學(xué)人員超過(guò)13萬(wàn)人，占中國(guó)到歐盟國(guó)家留學(xué)人員的一半。中英應(yīng)進(jìn)一步深化人文交流，推進(jìn)教育、文化等領(lǐng)域合作。英國(guó)政府已表示將簡(jiǎn)化中國(guó)公民來(lái)英簽證手續(xù)，這意味著將會(huì)有更多中國(guó)人有序地到英國(guó)來(lái)工作、旅行，為英國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)帶來(lái)更多活力。

China-UK cooperation is not limited to the economic field; we also need to strengthen people-to-people exchanges. The British culture values scientific thinking, good reasoning and accommodation of others, while it is China’s tradition to emphasize openness, inclusiveness and mutual learning. China and the UK, though thousands of miles apart, are actually “distant neighbors”. Our respective science and technology, culture and arts as well as academic thinking, each having its own proud tradition, have been a source of mutual inspiration. Shakespeare’s Romeo and Juliet is popular in China, while The Peony Pavilion composed by the Chinese writer Tang Xianzu of the Ming Dynasty has been put on stage here in the UK. The British use English as their mother tongue, while in China 300 million Chinese are learning English, more than most of the countries in the world. And though China was where tea was first discovered, the British drink more tea than most people in the world. Right now, over 130,000 Chinese students are studying in the UK, accounting for half of the number in all EU countries. China and the UK need to deepen our cultural and people-to-people exchanges and step up cooperation in education and culture. The UK government has agreed to simplify visa application for Chinese citizens. This means more Chinese people will be able to visit or come to work in the UK, injecting more vitality to the UK economy.

英國(guó)和中國(guó)都是偉大的國(guó)家，都擁有悠久的歷史，創(chuàng)造過(guò)各自的輝煌，更有著順應(yīng)時(shí)代大潮求新求變的執(zhí)著追求。英國(guó)詩(shī)人雪萊說(shuō)：“人不能創(chuàng)造時(shí)勢(shì)，但可以抓住那些已經(jīng)出現(xiàn)的機(jī)遇。”中國(guó)文學(xué)家蘇軾說(shuō)：“來(lái)而不可失者時(shí)也，蹈而不可失者機(jī)也。”中國(guó)與英國(guó)，東方與西方，發(fā)展中國(guó)家與發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家，應(yīng)抓住機(jī)遇，共迎挑戰(zhàn)，攜手建設(shè)一個(gè)包容發(fā)展的美好世界！

Both the UK and China are great nations. We both have a time-honored history and each has created a splendid past. Now, both countries are determined to ride the tide of the times and seek new changes. As the English poet Percy Shelley wrote, “Man cannot make occasions, but he may seize those that offer.” Similarly, the famous Chinese writer Su Shi of the Song Dynasty remarked that “when your turn comes, seize it; and when opportunity knocks at the door, grab it, or it will slip away”. China and the UK, the East and the West, developing countries and developed ones alike, should seize opportunities, meet challenges together, and build a better world through inclusive development.

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