實(shí)例講解托福綜合寫作常犯的2個(gè)錯(cuò)誤
在托福綜合寫作中,大家時(shí)常會(huì)犯2類錯(cuò)誤,正是因?yàn)檫@2種錯(cuò)誤,才讓你的綜合作文得不到自己滿意的分?jǐn)?shù),下面就跟小編一帶大家一起通過實(shí)例來講解托福綜合寫作中的錯(cuò)誤。
錯(cuò)誤一:綜合寫作是小作文,不必在意語(yǔ)言質(zhì)量
在綜合寫作中,ETS對(duì)于純語(yǔ)言的考察明顯是低于獨(dú)立寫作的。對(duì)比兩者的評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)即可見端倪。在綜合寫作的評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)中,只有一條well-organized,而獨(dú)立寫作對(duì)于詞、句、段、結(jié)構(gòu)都有著詳細(xì)的要求。那是因?yàn)椋C合寫作考的并非語(yǔ)言能力,而是考生抓取信息的能力。綜合寫作的考察形式其實(shí)很接近真正美國(guó)大學(xué)上課的模式,即在上課前閱讀大量的材料,然后去聽老師上課講的內(nèi)容,再自己進(jìn)行消化吸收。
但是,考生需要注意兩點(diǎn):
①大量影響理解的語(yǔ)言錯(cuò)誤一定會(huì)被扣分。4分的評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)中就有這么一條:A response is also scored at this level if it has more frequent or noticeable minor language errors, as long as such usage and grammatical structures do not result in anything more than an occasional lapse of clarity or in the connection of ideas.評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)很直接的告訴了我們語(yǔ)法錯(cuò)誤以及明顯的錯(cuò)誤會(huì)影響分?jǐn)?shù),也就是在綜合寫作中,很多同學(xué)會(huì)寫成:the lecture point out 而不是 the lecture points out。同時(shí),也可以學(xué)會(huì)去換同義詞語(yǔ),達(dá)到詞匯的多樣性,比如表示reading的詞語(yǔ)就有:the article, the passage, the author, the writer, 而表示聽力的就有:the lecture, the listening, the speech, the speaker等等。
②邏輯聯(lián)系詞非常重要!5檔評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)中最后都特別提到“connection of ideas”。這就說明考官需要的是一篇文章,而非一些觀點(diǎn)事實(shí)的堆砌。考生需要把所得到的觀點(diǎn)和事實(shí)連成一篇文章。因此,考生一定要記住:綜合寫作辭藻不必太華麗,但是要盡量避免語(yǔ)言錯(cuò)誤,且邏輯關(guān)系一定要清楚。在弄清楚內(nèi)容本身的邏輯關(guān)系之外,使用邏輯聯(lián)系詞也是非常必要的。
綜合寫作中常用的邏輯聯(lián)系詞有如下幾種:
轉(zhuǎn)折:in contrast, however, on the other hand, on contrary, while
順序:first, second, third, first of all, secondly, also, finally, in the first place, furthermore, moreover
在寫作中,將這些邏輯聯(lián)系詞穿插其中,再加上聽到和讀到的內(nèi)容,也就是真正的“血肉”,綜合寫作拿滿分即是輕而易舉之事。
錯(cuò)誤二:總結(jié)論述≠歸納大意
有時(shí)候同學(xué)會(huì)誤以為只要大概講清楚聽力或者閱讀之間的關(guān)系就可以了,其實(shí)不是這樣的。有時(shí)候同學(xué)會(huì)用簡(jiǎn)單點(diǎn)詞匯,比如disagree, dispute, argue 等直接表達(dá)反觀點(diǎn)的詞匯來表達(dá)閱讀與聽力的關(guān)系,而這只是完成了寫作要求的一半,根據(jù)評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)我們可以看出,考官需要的是更多的細(xì)節(jié)輔助,不能只是總結(jié)出了閱讀和聽力的關(guān)系。因?yàn)閷?duì)于同學(xué)們的總結(jié)能力有了進(jìn)一步的要求,下面,我們?cè)賮砜匆黄段?TPO22)
The speaker and the passage have contradictory opinions concerning the usage of ethanol fuel, three evidences (清晰告知對(duì)應(yīng)的觀點(diǎn)數(shù)量)offered by the speaker have effectively questioned the related reasons held in the passage.
First of all, although one disadvantage from the passage (后文有詳盡的disadvantage敘述)that burning ethanol fuel release carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, which is a kind of greenhouse gas, the speaker, however, challenge this information by an alternative proof(聽力的細(xì)節(jié)也在后文有了描述) that the growing of plants such as corns may absolutely counteract the greenhouse gas by absorbing most of them for survival, and the amount of the released carbon dioxide is less than the absorbed amount, so that there is no need to be afraid that ethanol fuel will lead to the happening of global warming.
Besides, according to the speaker that using corns to produce ethanol fuel will not risk reducing the food sources of animals, because(后面添加了聽力的細(xì)節(jié)內(nèi)容) using advanced technology we can obtain a kind of plant which can be used to make the ethanol fuel, at the same time animals do not eat it, which totally casts doubt on the point in reading that since most of the corns are used to produce ethanol fuel, there will not be sufficient food for animals.
Finally, despite the proof of the passage that the price of the ethanol fuel will be higher than common fuel in the future when the government stops their support, the speaker effectively weaken the validity of this view by giving the fact (聽力細(xì)節(jié)緊跟其后)that the more consumers buy the ethanol fuel followed by more production, as a result of the government's help, the lower and more affordable it's price will be in the future.
從以上我們可以看出,OG的評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)看似都是一些波瀾不驚、無關(guān)痛癢的話,而其實(shí)深究下去,ETS的考官們?cè)缫寻岩髮懺诹俗掷镄虚g,這就需要考生細(xì)細(xì)研讀,仔細(xì)鉆研,揣摩考官的用意,對(duì)癥下藥,方能輕松應(yīng)對(duì)。同時(shí)搞清楚得分要點(diǎn)在哪里,才可以拿到高分。
備考建議
要想知道托福的考官到底考什么,我們有的也是僅有的“圣經(jīng)”便是托福的官方指南了。很多學(xué)生將OG粗粗看了一遍,就扔在一邊,理由是知道了題型就可以了,上面的題目反正也不會(huì)再考,看了也沒用。而事實(shí)上,OG能給我們的絕不是告訴我們題型這么簡(jiǎn)單,它同時(shí)還給出了我們備考的思路和方向。如果沒有領(lǐng)悟這些大方向,那么花再多的時(shí)間啃書做題也是事倍功半。可見,對(duì)于評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的正確、細(xì)致的解讀是相當(dāng)重要的。綜上,備考托福綜合寫作的確是時(shí)間很緊,要求很高的一項(xiàng)任務(wù),因?yàn)槠洳粌H對(duì)閱讀,聽力有要求,同時(shí)又是以寫作的形式來考察大家的邏輯總結(jié)概括能力,以及寫作能力。但是以上目標(biāo)也并非如登天之難。唯有踏實(shí)、努力和堅(jiān)持,按照評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的指向,認(rèn)真?zhèn)淇迹嘧鼍毩?xí)。才能在托福寫作考試中取得佳績(jī)。最后,祝愿各位考生,可以早日獲得托福高分,叩開美國(guó)留學(xué)之路的大門。
上面這兩個(gè)錯(cuò)誤,大家在備考托福綜合寫作的時(shí)候是不是也遇到過,那么大家是如何解決的呢?上面小編有為大家整理了備考建議,希望對(duì)大家托福寫作提分有幫助。最后,小編預(yù)祝大家托福考試能取得理想的成績(jī)。
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