【托福百問百答】如何應(yīng)對托福獨(dú)立寫作“三選一”結(jié)構(gòu)？

很多同學(xué)不知道托福獨(dú)立寫作部分遇到“三選一“的文章結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)應(yīng)該如何處理，其實(shí)三選一并不復(fù)雜，只需要熟記兩個(gè)注意點(diǎn)就可以輕松應(yīng)付：一是三者都要提及；二是并沒有唯一的正確結(jié)構(gòu)，結(jié)構(gòu)應(yīng)該根據(jù)題目靈活的選擇。

來看一道例題。
Essay Topic
Which one is the most important for teacher of high school？
1. The ability to help students plan for their future；
2. The ability to find the students who need help most and help them；
3. Teach students how to learn outside the classroom.
就這道題來講，題型基本結(jié)構(gòu)的選擇有兩種：三項(xiàng)能力都重要，但是第一項(xiàng)最重要；第一項(xiàng)是重要的，而第二項(xiàng)和第三項(xiàng)是不重要的。其他的文章結(jié)構(gòu)都是這兩種的變體。我們拿第二種結(jié)構(gòu)舉例：
總論點(diǎn)：規(guī)劃未來能力最重要（vs. 發(fā)現(xiàn)需要幫助的同學(xué) &教會自學(xué)）
主體段1：學(xué)生最需要規(guī)劃，而只有老師有能力提供
主體段2：發(fā)現(xiàn)需要幫助的能力不重要，因?yàn)閷W(xué)生自己會來找
主體段3：課外自學(xué)不重要，高中生沒有課外時(shí)間
The ability to help student with planning their future is definitely the most important capability for high school teachers.
To begin with， high school students are in desperate need for guidance about their future， and teachers are the only competent candidate to provide it. I know this from my personal experience. When I was in high school， a great portion of my classmates' only goal is to reach for the minimum requirement for graduation， and to be able to get an offer from a middle-ranged college in the US， as all 15-year-old boys are profoundly addicted to either computer games or love affairs. Because of our immature mind， we had no idea regarding the choice of universities， or the selection of a future career path. What made matters worse is that our high school teachers provided us with virtually zero guidance concerning our college applications， not because they lack of the intention， but simply because they know nothing about it. Consequently， the vast majority of our parents had to hire an outside agency that specializes in the college application process which costs tons of money. Later we realized that this is an utter mistake， for what they did was simply giving us the timeline of the application process，translating our personal statements and recommendation letters from Chinese into English，and finally mailing out all our materials to the US. All of these simple tasks could be performed by ourselves， and these misfortunes surely could have been avoided if we had the luck to meet more competent teachers， with the ability to warn students and their parents about the black-hearted agencies and lay out lucid plans for students' future.
The capability to find the students who need assistance most and help them， on the other hand， is not that imperative. The reason for this is quite simple， since high school students would come to teachers voluntarily if they are in serious trouble. In other words， many times students don't want to be bothered by a teacher who treats them like a baby-sitter. As for the “help” part， I firmly hold the faith that all teachers are already equipped with the willingness to solve student's problem gladly， using their prehistoric powers， no matter how difficult the situation can be. So the willingness to help students should be the minimum standard to be qualified as a teacher.
Similarly， the skill to teach students how to learn outside the classroom is completely unnecessary. For one， most high school students have no time outside their classrooms at all， as all their spare time is already occupied by cram school or by extracurricular activities. Even in the rare circumstance that some students may have free time， parents could always play the part of their instructor on how to self-study.
本篇文章在結(jié)構(gòu)的處理上，做到了清晰、簡單。第一個(gè)主體段在證明第一項(xiàng)能力是非常必要的。第二、三主體段在分別證明第二、三項(xiàng)能力是不重要的。整個(gè)段落結(jié)構(gòu)很明確，”踩二捧一“突出觀點(diǎn)的結(jié)構(gòu)更容易獲得高分，大家在行文過程中要注意避免結(jié)構(gòu)過于復(fù)雜和混亂。

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