【寫作備考】托福寫作論證法之?dāng)?shù)據(jù)例證法介紹

在托福備考寫作的過(guò)程中，舉例論證法一般來(lái)說(shuō)是最為常用也是最好的一種論證方法。但是在舉例論證法中也是分為一般性例證，數(shù)據(jù)類例證和名人名事引證等等，而在我們想要明確的表達(dá)數(shù)字論證法的時(shí)候又應(yīng)該怎么用呢?下面就為大家詳細(xì)的介紹一下吧。

使用權(quán)威數(shù)據(jù)來(lái)證明我們的觀點(diǎn)，很多同學(xué)會(huì)有疑問，覺得自己沒有閱讀過(guò)很多的數(shù)據(jù)類文獻(xiàn)，覺得自己的數(shù)據(jù)太不真實(shí)，所以不敢往上寫。首先，給大家打消這個(gè)疑慮，這個(gè)權(quán)威數(shù)據(jù)真的需要我們自己去讀學(xué)術(shù)類的期刊嗎，不需要。我們只需要學(xué)會(huì)合理編寫數(shù)據(jù)，就可以了。同學(xué)們會(huì)問了，編的數(shù)據(jù)可靠嗎，考官會(huì)去驗(yàn)證你數(shù)據(jù)的真實(shí)性嗎? 這個(gè)大家不要擔(dān)心，ETS的考官不會(huì)輕易懷疑大家所寫的數(shù)據(jù)，因?yàn)閰⒓油懈？荚嚨娜巳海形覀冞@樣的科研小白，也有各個(gè)學(xué)科的大牛，所以只要你編寫的數(shù)據(jù)合理，ETS是不敢妄下判斷否定你論據(jù)的真實(shí)性的。

重點(diǎn)來(lái)到了，怎么去編寫數(shù)據(jù)例證呢?

首先我們要有模板，

模板一：

A 年份 survey/ report, conducted by 組織/機(jī)構(gòu)/xxx university, (after polling xxx 人群 aged x and x) proved that xx% a, xx% b, xx% c.

模板二：

According to 年份 surveys, conducted by 組織/機(jī)構(gòu)， shows that …

其次，我們要積累編寫數(shù)據(jù)例證時(shí)常用的機(jī)構(gòu)/組織的名稱：

環(huán)保局Environmental protection agency

衛(wèi)生廳 department of public health

教育部Ministry of Education

人力資源部Human resource Department

交通局 Traffic department

數(shù)據(jù)類題目適用于哪類題目?最適用的題型是今昔對(duì)比類題目， 如下：

Twenty years from now on, people will have more leisure time than they do now.

Secondly, the working time of people has become much shorter, thus resulting in people's preference for more leisure time. According to 1995 and 2005 surveys conducted by Human Resources Department, people worked 8 hours every day in 2005 while people in 1995 worked almost 9 hours each day. The shortened work time is caused by the wide use fo machines.

分析：

題目大意： 20年后，人們會(huì)有更多休閑時(shí)間。

人們休閑時(shí)間越來(lái)越多可以通過(guò)調(diào)查人們?cè)?995和2005工作時(shí)長(zhǎng)的減少反映出來(lái)。

It was easier to identify what jobs or careers were secure and successful in the past than it is now.

Additionally, a questionnaire about choosing an ideal job conducted by Career Service Center in China has surveyed two groups of people with the first at the age of 50 and above and the second aged from 20 to 30. 58.4%. According to the above survey, 32.5% of the first group respectively choose the option of civil servants and teachers. On the contrary, 72.4% of the second group circled the third option of other occupations such as singers, freelance writers and so on. The difference in the two groups of figures lies in the transition of people's attitude of choosing a job .

題目大意： 現(xiàn)在更難以去判斷一項(xiàng)工作是否成功。

通過(guò)一項(xiàng)問卷調(diào)查來(lái)說(shuō)明現(xiàn)在人們打破了以前鐵飯碗的觀念，開始從事其他類別的工作，從而證明人們對(duì)于成功工作的定義變得多樣化。

Nowadays it is easier to get educated than in the past.

A 2012-report conducted by Beijing Human Resources Department: the female percentage in the occupations such as professors, doctors, layers. Engineers grew by 80.3% compared to the days 50 years ago.

通過(guò)古今對(duì)比體面工作中女性比例的上升，來(lái)證明女性接受教育比以前要容易了。

總之，我們要想熟練的運(yùn)用數(shù)據(jù)類論據(jù)，首先，記住固定的表達(dá)方式，其次，要總結(jié)常用的機(jī)構(gòu)名稱，最后，要知道數(shù)據(jù)類論據(jù)適合古今對(duì)比類文章。

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