寫作輔導：英語寫作十字真經四步曲(2)

常用套語
套語指流行的公式化語言，在寫作中適當使用頗有必要。如在商業信函結尾，期望對方早日回復的表達方式就要遵循套語的基本模式，使表達規范得體。下面試舉幾個例子：

Kindly favor us with an early reply. 請早日賜復。

Your prompt reply will be highly appreciated. 如能及時回復，將不勝感謝。

We look forward to hearing from you soon. 早日回復。

We are expecting your prompt reply. 急盼回復。

Please have the kindness to answer this letter quickly. 請早日回信。

Kindly let us have your reply at your earliest convenience. 請在您方便時盡早賜函。

We would appreciate it if you could respond right away. 如能即刻回復，將不勝感謝。

當前流行應試寫作模板，即套語的使用貫穿文章始終，為考生提供萬能公式型的文章主架，每句表達皆由固定套語框定，考生只要背下套用句型、過渡詞語，在考試中根據特定考題填充具體內容。這種應試策略使寫出的文章矯揉造作，生硬刻板，雖可以讓考生及格過關，但絕對得不到高分。套語的過多使用不妨可以比作大海中的救生圈，有了它，僅僅可以讓不擅游泳者保全性命，卻無法自在暢游，一展泳姿。一般而言，套語較為空洞，如使用過多，文章容易流于空泛，言之無物。寫作宜虛實結合，形式與內容相統一。下例是一篇比較在家學習與入校讀書誰優誰劣的范文，文中巧妙地使用了一些固定句式和過渡詞語，不僅增強了表達效果，而且實現了形式與內容的統一。

There are two major arguments that can be made for studying at home. First, as advances in the electronic media have brought the whole world of scholarship into the home via the Internet and educational courses on TV, the classroom is no longer the only place for acquiring knowledge. Second, it is widely held that a person studies better in the familiar surroundings of his own home and when he can arrange his own study time.

But we must not lose sight of the fact that there are advantages to studying in the classroom, too. Being surrounded by people of roughly the same abilities and interests can be a great stimulus to acquiring knowledge, whereas studying in solitude at home is boring for many people. More importantly, there can be no substitute for a good teacher, who must not only be able to impart facts and theories, but also to appraise and encourage his students.

Given the choice between these two methods of learning, I prefer the classroom. This is because I am the sort of person who finds it difficult to concentrate on study in the midst of household chores, and disturbances from visitors and telephone calls. The classroom environment, I feel, is the only one in which most people feel comfortable applying all their energies to the all-important task of acquiring knowledge.

關于在家學習，我們可以提出兩個主要論點。第一，由于電子媒體方面取得的進步把整個世界的知識通過互聯網和電視上的教育課程帶入了家庭，教室不再是惟一獲取知識的場所。第二，人們普遍認為，在自己家里這樣熟悉的環境中，并且能自己安排學習時間，一個人能學得更好。

但是，我們不能忽視在教室里學習也有好處這一事實。周圍都是能力相近和興趣相投的人可能會對獲取知識形成巨大的刺激，而對很多人來說孤獨一人在家學習會有些枯燥乏味。更重要的是，沒有什么可以替代一個好老師，他不僅能夠傳道授業，而且能夠評估并鼓勵學生。

如果在兩種學習方法中選擇，我更喜歡在教室里學習，因為我是那種很難在家務瑣事、客人、電話的打擾下集中注意力學習的人。我認為大多數人只有在教室里才能把全部精力放在獲取知識這件十分重要的工作上。

精彩句子
精彩句子指文章中句式優美、蘊含哲理的句子。精彩句子的背誦有助于寫作時的引用和模仿。如在閱讀美國前總統約翰?肯尼迪(John F. Kennedy)的就職演說(Inaugural Address)時，可以記住諸如“Ask not what your country can do for you, ask what you can do for your country. ”（不要問國家能為你做什么，而要問你能為國家做什么。）這樣的傳世佳句，當你寫關于愛國(patriotism)主題的作文時，則可以適時引用。現仍以上面談“愛心”的文章為例，其中值得背誦的句子為數不少。摘錄如下：

①Love is emotional strength, which can support us no matter how dark the world around us becomes.

愛心是情感的力量，不論我們周圍的世界多么黑暗，愛心都能支撐我們。

②People all over the country do not hesitate to donate whatever they can ― be it money or goods ― to help their needy fellow citizens.

全國人民毫不猶豫地傾囊相助――不管是錢還是物――幫助那些有需要的同胞。

③The best way to show love is to help people who are more unfortunate than we are.

表達愛心的最好方式是幫助比我們更加不幸的人。

④The darker the shadows of sorrow become, the more brightly the lamp of love shines.

悲傷的陰影越黑暗，愛心之燈的光芒就越閃亮。

更多 專四作文、專四作文模板，請繼續關注 英語作文大全