2014年英語專四作文押題預(yù)測：動物實驗
2014年英語專四考試馬上就要來了，同學(xué)們是不是很緊張呢?下面是小編為大家整理的2014年英語專四作文押題預(yù)測，供各位考生參考。
Topic 28: Some people strongly oppose animal experimentation, believing that it causes pain to animals, while some other people consider it necessary. What is your opinion?
概述：主要針對動物的生存和人類與動物的關(guān)系問題。動物一直被人類用作各種用途(for practical purposes),包括娛樂(馬戲團)、消遣(寵物)、 食用(家禽和家畜)、調(diào)查和研究(實驗室動物)、商用(毛皮和藥材)，諸如此類。動物保護是現(xiàn)在 常被討論的話題。
保護動物主要有以下一些意義：
? 維護生態(tài)系統(tǒng)(maintain natural ecosystems),保持生態(tài)平衡，確保可持續(xù)發(fā)展(consistent with the principle of sustainable development);
? 人類可以從動物身上獲得靈感(draw on animal-based research for inspiration);
? 人類可以探知物種的起源(the origin of life),進行科學(xué)研究(scientific research);
? 動物有生存的權(quán)利(animal rights),應(yīng)該維護動物的權(quán)益(animal welfare)
解析：
支持把動物作為實驗對象的觀點：
? 動物不能夠進行道德的判斷，也不會尊重其他動物的權(quán)利(recognize the rights of other species),沒有能力做道德上的選擇(have no capacity to make moral choices),因此動物比人類 低等，不能夠等同于人類;
? 人類目前找不到替代動物的實驗品(replacements);
? 動物的神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)不如人類發(fā)達，痛楚已經(jīng)最小化(minimize pain),而如果在人體上做實驗是 不人道的 (Vivisection practiced on human beings is inhumane.);動物和人相似 (bear a resemblance to humans)，對外部的影響和人類反應(yīng)類似(respond similarly to external disturbances)，因此最適宜做人類的替代品;
? 人類的利益應(yīng)該建立在動物利益之上(human interests should be placed above animal welfare), 利用動物做實驗有助于科技的發(fā)展。
反對把動物作為實驗對象的觀點：
? 動物的生存權(quán)(the right to life )需要被保護，禁止虐待行為(the prohibition of torture);
? 很多時候，動物實驗的目的只是為了一些商業(yè)用途(industrial products),這是不道德的;
? 動物實驗的結(jié)果和信息是不可靠的，具有誤導(dǎo)性〔unreliable and misleading)，畢竟人類和動物有很大的不同(many differences between humans and animals)
范文
Perhaps no subject in the moral community is as controversial as animal testing. Animals, many people believe, merit more humane treatment. When animal-based experiments have long been the centre of criticism, I am of the opinion that such experiments are essential to both the well-being of human beings and that of animals.
There is little doubt, first of all, that most of the animal-based experiments are conducted for the development of technology and to date, there is little chance of finding satisfying substitutions for animals, Animals are used mainly because they bear a close resemblance to humans, either in behaviour or in cell structure. They respond to external disturbances (such as electrical shock) nearly in the same manner as humans do. There is much evidence that most of what people know about themselves, including pain, stress, reproduction and nutrition, is based on findings of animal-based experiments. Animal testing proves one of the main approaches to predict the risk when drugs or other products are used on humans.
Another fact to support animal-based experiment is that animals are not the equivalent of humans, and can be used as resources for human purposes. Animals have no capacity to recognize the rights of other species. Nor will they take in consideration the interests of other species. It is possibly one of the main reasons why animals feed on each other. Humans, by comparison, use animal experimentations not only for their own interests but also for the interests of animals. For example, some medical discoveries can be used by veterinary surgeons to give medical care and treatment to sick animals.
Despite the justifications given for vivisection, researchers have the obligation to reduce animal testing and animal suffering. There is a growing recognition that animal tests are mostly done for commercial purposes and most of them are avoidable. For instance, the cosmetic industry has been exploiting animal experimentation simply for diversifying products and maximizing profits. The fewer cosmetic products people use, the fewer animals they have to slaughter. When scientists are empowered to carry out cruel experiments like vivisection, such powers should not be abused.
To summarize, one can subscribe to the notion that animals can be taken as resources intended for the benefit of humans, although meanwhile it is certain that suffering should be controlled to the minimum during experimentation.
近義詞表
1. merit=deserve:值得
2. substitution=replacement:替代品
3. resemblance=sameness=similarity:相似
4. equivalent=counterpart;匹配的人或者物
5. capacity=ability-capability=competence=aptitude=power: 能力
6. feed on=eat=survive on:以…為食
7. slaughter=kill=massacre=slay=butcher:屠殺，屠宰
本文地址：http://www.autochemexpert.com/writing/englishtest/tem4/18377.html
