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新聞的價值

News values determine how much prominence a news story is given by a media outlet, and the attention it is given by the audience. News journalism has a broadly agreed set of values, often referred to as “newsworthiness”.

News values are not universal and can vary widely between different cultures. In Western practice, decisions on the selection and prioritization of news are made by editors on the basis of their experience and intuition, although analysis shows that several factors are consistently applied across a range of news organizations.

如何定義新聞價值

The practical constraints of the newsgathering process, the collective norms of the newsroom and manipulation by external pressure groups all affect the news value given to an event by the journalist and the way it is reported. The news value given to the story by the audience, its impact or interest, is determined by the degree of change it contains and the relevance of that change to the physical and social security of the individual or group. Major change, coupled with high relevance, gives the story a correspondingly high news value; little or slow change, together with low relevance, indicate low news value.

Some commentators argue that as many stories are apparently manufactured, Galtung and Ruge?s list of news values should be open to question. The dominance of celebrity and social news, the blurring of the boundary between news and reality and other popular culture, and the advent of citizen journalism may suggest that the nature of news and news values are evolving and that traditional models of the news process are now only partially relevant.

大眾傳媒的信息來源

In an industrialized economy where consumers demand information on numerous worldwide events unfolding simultaneously, this task can only be filled by major business and government sectors that have the necessary material resources. This includes mainly The Pentagon and other governmental bodies. A symbiotic relationship arises between the media and parts of government which is sustained by economic necessity and reciprocity of interest.

On the one hand, government and news-promoters strive to make it easier for news organizations to buy their services; they provide them with facilities in which to give journalists advance copies of speeches and forthcoming reports schedule of press conferences.

On the other hand, the media become reluctant to run articles that will harm corporate interests that provide them with the resources that the media depend upon.

This theoretical relationship also gives rise to a “moral division of labor”, in which “officials have and give the facts”, and “reporters merely get them”. Journalists are then supposed to adopt an uncritical attitude that makes it possible for them to accept corporate values without experiencing cognitive dissonance.

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