【高分必備】GRE寫作Argument部分的6種邏輯錯誤匯總
新GRE寫作包括Argument和Issue兩部分，這兩部分都比較重視邏輯思維，而這恰恰是中國學生容易錯的地方。今天小編給大家整理了新GRE寫作Argument部分常犯的7種邏輯錯誤，希望小伙伴兒們在平時的備戰練習中注意避免這些問題。
1、結論無據(gratuitous assumption)
The author falsely depends on gratuitousassumption that.... However, no evidence is stated in the argument to supportthis assumption. In fact, this is not necessarily the case. For example, it ismore likely that.... Therefore, this argument is unwarranted without ruling outsuch possibility.
2、無因果聯系
The author commits a fallacy of causaloversimplification. The line of the reasoning is that because A occurred beforeB, the former event is responsible for the latter. (The author uses thepositive correlation between A and B to establish causality. However, the factthat A coincides with B does not necessarily prove that A caused B.) But thisis fallacious reasoning unless other possible causal explanations have beenconsidered and ruled out. For example, perhaps C is the cause of these eventsor perhaps B is caused by D.
3、樣本不足(insufficient-sample)
The evidence the author provides isinsufficient to support the conclusion drawn from it. One example is logicallyunsounded to establish a general conclusion (The statistics from only a fewrecent years are not necessarily a good indicator of future trends), unless itcan be shown that A1 is representative of all A.
4、二者擇一(Either-Orchoice)
The author assumes that AA and BB aremutually exclusive alternatives and there is no room for a middle ground.However, the author provides no reason for imposing an either-or choice. Commonsense tells us that adjusting both AA and BB might produce better results.
5、錯誤類比(based on a false analogy ) <橫向>
The argument rests on the assumptionthat A is analogous to B in all respects. This assumption is weak, sincealthough there are points of comparison between A and B, there is muchdissimilarity as well. For example, A..., however, B.... Thus, it is likelymuch more difficult for B to do....
6、時地全等(all thingsare equal) <縱向>
The author commits the fallacy of “all things are equal”. The fact thathappened two years ago is not a sound evidence to draw a conclusion that....The author assumes without justification that the background conditions haveremained the same at different times or at different locations. However, it isnot clear in this argument whether the current conditions at AA are the same asthey used to be two years ago. Thus it is impossible to conclude that....
TIPS：GRE寫作兩部分權重相同
由于AA的寫作不牽涉自己觀點的展開，只須指出作者邏輯上的漏洞，因此在經過訓練以后，寫起來并不困難;而AI的寫作需要自己展開自己設立的觀點，不但需要邏輯上的洞察能力，還需要論證觀點的能力，語言組織的能力，因此對于中國考生來講比較困難，難以短期內有較大提高。但是這兩個部分在總分中的權重是一樣的，因此考生的策略應該是盡量提高AI部分的寫作能力而力保AA部分滿分(或高分)。因為如果AA部分滿分的話，AI部分只需爭取在4分以上 就可以保證整體作文分數在5分以上。
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