GRE寫作Issue部分精品素材分享之科學假設

想要在GRE作文部分的考試中寫出優秀的文章，論據素材是重要的一環。好的論據不僅能幫助你支撐觀點，加強說服力，還能體現出考生在閱讀量上的積累和深厚扎實的語言功底基礎。特別是ISSUE作文，更是需要大量好素材作為儲備，才能保證考生無論遭遇那種題目，都能游刃有余地完成一篇高分作文的寫作。小編為大家整理了GRE ISSUE作文各類題目的精品優質素材，一起來看吧。

科學假設的五大內涵

People refer to a trial solution to a problem as a hypothesis—often called an “educated guess”—because it provides a suggested solution based on the evidence. Experimenters may test and reject several hypotheses before solving the problem.

According to Schick and Vaughn, researchers weighing up alternative hypotheses may take into consideration:

1. Testability (compare falsifiability as discussed above)

2. Simplicity (as in the application of “Occam’s Razor”, discouraging the postulation of excessive numbers of entities)

3. Scope—the apparent application of the hypothesis to multiple cases of phenomena

4. Fruitfulness—the prospect that a hypothesis may explain further phenomena in the future

5. Conservatism—the degree of “fit” with existing recognized knowledge-systems

想象力和信仰之間的區別

Imagination differs fundamentally from belief because the subject understands that what is personally invented by the mind does not necessarily impact the course of action taken in the

apparently shared world while beliefs are part of what one holds as truths about both the shared and personal worlds. The play of imagination, apart from the obvious limitations (e.g. of avoiding explicit self-contradiction), is conditioned only by the general trend of the mind at a given moment. Belief, on the other hand, is immediately related to practical activity: it is perfectly possible to imagine oneself a millionaire, but unless one believes it one does not, therefore, act as such. Belief endeavors to conform to the subject’s experienced conditions or faith in the possibility of those conditions; whereas imagination as such is specifically free. The dividing line between imagination and belief varies widely in different stages of technological development. Thus someone from a primitive culture who is ill frames an ideal reconstruction of the causes of his illness, and attributes it to the hostile magic of an enemy based on faith and tradition rather than science. In ignorance of the science of pathology the subject is satisfied with this explanation, and actually believes in it, sometimes to the point of death, due to what is known as the placebo effect.

好奇心的定義及其起因

In essence, “curiosity” is a term that describes an unknown number of behavioral and psychological mechanisms that have the effect of impelling beings to seek information and interaction with their natural environment and with other beings in their vicinity.

Curiosity is an innate capability of many living beings, but it can not be subsumed under category of instinct because it lacks the quality of fixed action pattern; it is rather one of innate basic emotions because it can be expressed in many flexible ways while instinct is always expressed in a fixed way, and like any innate capability it confers a survival advantage to certain species, and can be found in their genomes.

如何開始有效學習

Many students find it hard to start working or work for too long when they do. If one finds himself avoiding starting work or seemingly finding ways out of studying then he should try to start studying for short periods of 10-15 minutes on a regular basis. This, if done properly, can help ease one into interrupting your normal daily routine enough to actually get some work done. When one finds that one can sit and concentrate (which are skills that need to be warmed up by this process as well) for longer periods then changing to a full study routine is possible.

If one finds that one studies for too long a time, then it can seem much more of a chore than it really has to be. Even students who really enjoy their subject can end up resenting the amount of work they have to do if they fall into ineffective study patterns. If this happens one may begin to fall into the avoiding-starting-to-study pattern.

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