BEC考官教你商務(wù)英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)作 第四章商務(wù)報(bào)告寫(xiě)作：Unit 2 格式及語(yǔ)言要求(2)

商務(wù)報(bào)告的語(yǔ)氣和風(fēng)格
商務(wù)報(bào)告的語(yǔ)氣和風(fēng)格反映了報(bào)告人對(duì)報(bào)告主體和報(bào)告讀者的態(tài)度。有效又有力的語(yǔ)氣是客觀的、全面的、公正的。
如果寫(xiě)非正式或較短的報(bào)告，在撰寫(xiě)人和報(bào)告讀者個(gè)人關(guān)系友好的情況卜，可以使用第一人稱，口氣也相應(yīng)隨和。
在寫(xiě)給全體職員的年度或季度報(bào)告中，使用第三人稱可以有效地使讀者置身于報(bào)告的每一件事之中。
正式語(yǔ)氣是通過(guò)使用第三人稱、列舉事實(shí)和數(shù)據(jù)，而且以不表達(dá)個(gè)人對(duì)報(bào)告所傳達(dá)信息的情感和觀點(diǎn)來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)的。
此外，呈給上級(jí)部門的報(bào)告，語(yǔ)氣顯示委婉、試探和尊重，而來(lái)自上級(jí)的報(bào)告多是用一種直截了當(dāng)和決斷的語(yǔ)氣寫(xiě)出的。
在撰寫(xiě)商務(wù)報(bào)告時(shí)，要特別注意以下幾點(diǎn)：
l）目的明確、主題突出、表達(dá)確切；
2）不要花泥帶水，要開(kāi)門見(jiàn)山，擊中要害；
3）用詞精煉、簡(jiǎn)潔，用比較正式的文字，少用口語(yǔ)；
4）適當(dāng)使用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，因?yàn)榇苏Z(yǔ)態(tài)有助于表達(dá)信息本身；

商務(wù)報(bào)告中常用術(shù)語(yǔ)
-> 引言 Introduction
引言部分主要是向讀者介紹報(bào)告的寫(xiě)作目的，寫(xiě)作目的應(yīng)該是分清晰并能夠高度概括下面內(nèi)容。引言應(yīng)該簡(jiǎn)單明了，盡量用一句話把它概括出來(lái)。引言中常用的術(shù)語(yǔ)有：
The report/proposal aims/sets out to... investigate/evaluate/assess/study...
The aim/purpose of this report/proposal is to... recommend/analyze/give...

-> 調(diào)查中發(fā)現(xiàn)的情況 Findings
事實(shí)發(fā)現(xiàn)部分是從調(diào)查的眾多情況中篩選出與本報(bào)告最相關(guān)的結(jié)果呈現(xiàn)在讀者面前。事實(shí)應(yīng)些得盡量清晰、簡(jiǎn)潔， 段落之間應(yīng)用關(guān)聯(lián)詞有機(jī)地聯(lián)系在一起。事實(shí)發(fā)現(xiàn)部分常用于有：
It was found that...
The disparity clearly showed...
The following points summaries our key findings.
The key findings are outlined below.
We discovered that...

-> 結(jié)論 Conclusion
結(jié)論部分用來(lái)表達(dá)作者已采集到的信息的看法。不僅如此，作者還可以通過(guò)表面的情況分析出深層次的觀點(diǎn)。結(jié)論部分也應(yīng)該非常簡(jiǎn)潔。結(jié)論部分常用的術(shù)語(yǔ)有：
It was decided/agreed/felt that...
It is clear that...
No conclusions were reached regarding...-> 建議Recommendations
建議部分主要表達(dá)作者認(rèn)為應(yīng)該采取的行動(dòng)，盡量用一兩句話把它完成。常用的術(shù)語(yǔ)有：
It is suggested/proposed/recommended that...
We(strongly)recommend that...
It is essential to...
It would be advisable to...上面講述了報(bào)告中4個(gè)主要格式需要使用的術(shù)語(yǔ)。除此之外，報(bào)告中的其他信息在表達(dá)時(shí)也要通過(guò)連接詞把他們連貫下來(lái)，其實(shí)這樣的連接詞在各種文件的寫(xiě)作中都有需要。下面介紹的內(nèi)容包括如何將信息遞進(jìn)、如何對(duì)比信息，以及如何聯(lián)系因果關(guān)系。
-> 如何附加信息 adding ideas
Furthermore/moreover/in addition

->對(duì)比不同的事物 Contrasting ideas
However... 但是
Although..., ... 盡管（后跟從句）....
Despite/in despite of 盡管（后跟名詞）...
... while/whereas... ... 而...
例如：
This is something Worldwide doesn't offer whereas ERS do.
In spite of cost, ERS are offering the better deal...

->對(duì)比事物的相同點(diǎn) Making comparisons
Both/Neither... 兩者都/兩者都不...
Like/unlike， 像/不像
例如：
They‘re both pretty similar.
Like ERS, they have a ...
Neither company meets all our key needs.

->表達(dá)因果的短語(yǔ)或舉行Liking cause and effect
Because of /As a result of/Due to/Owing to...
This means...
... leads to/results in...
以上就是報(bào)告寫(xiě)作中常用術(shù)語(yǔ)以及基本句型。下面是一份報(bào)告，讀者可以把剛剛學(xué)到的舉行和報(bào)告結(jié)構(gòu)加以鞏固。

背景資料：
一家公司在今年的經(jīng)營(yíng)過(guò)程中盈利頗豐，準(zhǔn)備將利潤(rùn)進(jìn)行再投資。公司決定投資股票市場(chǎng)，目前有兩公司在挑選范圍之內(nèi)，一家是化工企業(yè)，一家是啤酒釀造廠。下面就是該公司針對(duì)兩家企業(yè)所做的可行性分析報(bào)告。

Report On： Ramsden Breweries and Blue Chemicals： Investment Potential

Introduction
This report aims to assess which company, either Ramsdan Breweries or Bute Chemicals, should invest in.

Ramsden
The company had mixed results last year; although turnover increased by approximately 25%, net profit rose by less than 4%. However, restructuring may be able to eliminate these inefficiencies and expected growth in the drinks industry suggests opportunities for increased profits.

Bute
Results were disappointing, with turnover and profits both falling slightly. Nevertheless, the company managed to increase its dividend to shareholders. The rumored merger seems likely to push up the share price considerably.

Conclusion
Despite the merger rumours, any investment in Bute Chemicals would involve a risk Ramsden, on the other hand, despite its presen inefficiency, is still profitable and has definite potential for further growth.

Recommendation
We would recommend investment in Ramsdem Breweries.

Practice 練習(xí)
1.將下面句子改寫(xiě)成報(bào)告中需要的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的形式。
例子： There's lack of communication in sales.
(it/feel) it was felt that there was a lack of communication in Sales.
a. Let's org anise some training for our team leaders.
(it/suggest)
b. We're going to bring in a consultant.
(it/decide)
c. It seems team leaders' roles aren't clear enough.
(it/find)
d. Ok, we'll start implementing Workset next month.
(it/agree)
e. Ekstrom needs to set up new assessment centers.
(We/recommend)
2. 題目要求： 有一家公司準(zhǔn)備將其中的一個(gè)部門從西雅圖搬到柏林。在挑選搬家公司為其服務(wù)時(shí)，這家公司對(duì)比了兩家機(jī)構(gòu)ERS 和Worldwide Relocation 的各項(xiàng)服務(wù)。他們從以下幾個(gè)方面進(jìn)行了對(duì)比，請(qǐng)根據(jù)調(diào)查結(jié)果寫(xiě)一篇場(chǎng)為120~140字的報(bào)告。

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